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pongkoafn 🗣 (u: poong'koafn) 旁觀 [wt][mo] [h] [[m]] [[u]] [d#]

1. () (CE) spectator; non-participant

旁觀

pongkoanciar 🗣 (u: poong'koafn'ciar) 旁觀者 [wt][mo] [h] [[m]] [[u]] [d#]

1. () (CE) observer; spectator

旁觀者

More in MTL

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• Embree (2) (Taipag. Annotated MLT. 36687 rows)
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• [Taioaan Wiki]

External Dictionaries in Conventional Romanizations *

• (u) poong koafn = pong5 kuan1 [[DFT]] [[MK]] [[TC]] [[Lim19]] [[IT講]] [[CT]][CT]

Taiwanese Dictionaries – Sources

• HTB: "Hiexntai-buun" Dictionary (in Taiwanese Hokkien, English and Chinese). Modern Taiwanese Language Association. Syllable segmentation in progress.

• DFT: 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Taiwanese Hokkien and Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2011. (CC BY-ND 3.0 臺灣) (data from MoeDict Desktop For MacOSX / Linux / Windows. 2015. see MoeDict and Taioaan Wiki). We have annotated over 5800 definitions in English for monosyllables (enter any monosyllable to get into monosyllable mode)

• MK: Taiwanese—English Dictionary (in Taiwanese Hokkien, English and Chinese). Maryknoll Language Service Center, Taichung, Taiwan. 2001 [1976]. (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 TW)

• TC/TH: Iûⁿ Ún-giân. 台語文/中文辭典 Taiwanese — Chinese Dictionary & 台文/華文線頂辭典 [Taihoa Online Dictionary] (in Taiwanese Hokkien and Chinese).

• EDUTECH: Liim Keahioong (2001-2003). EDUTECH: Taiwanese—English Dictionary Searched with Concise Atonal Spelling. Edited and cross-referenced to EDUTECH General Taiwanese Words (正確台語拼字辭和漢字辭), Embree (1973), Maryknoll (2001), and other dictionaries.

• Embree: Embree, Bernard L. M. (1973). A Dictionary of Southern Min: based on current usage in Taiwan and checked against the earlier works of Carstairs Douglas, Thomas Barclay, and Ernest Tipson. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Language Institute. (OCLC 2491446. Data from GitHub - ChhoeTaigiDatabase. See NY Times article)

• Lim19: 台語辭典(台日大辭典台語譯本)查詢 [Taiwanese Dictionary (translation of Tai—Nichi Dai Jiten) search] (in Taiwanese Hokkien). Sìn Bōng Ài [Faith Hope Love]. 2019. (Lim08 data: GitHub - Lim-Chun-iok_2008_Tai-jip-Tua-su-tian)

• TDJ: Ogawa Naoyoshi, ed. (1931, 1932). 臺日大辭典 Tai—Nichi Dai Jiten [Taiwanese—Japanese Dictionary] (in Taiwanese Hokkien and Japanese). Volume 1 & Volume 2. Taihoku: Governor-General of Taiwan.